CO Detector Rules in Hawaii: Honolulu and Local Code Requirements
Last verified: August 24, 2026
Hawaii carbon monoxide detector laws reach a private house through an adopted code rather than through a statute of their own. The State Residential Code takes in the 2018 International Residential Code in full, so Section R315 applies as printed to detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses, and each county then amends and enforces that floor for its own island.
Honolulu is the county that wrote its own rule and the one an operator is most likely to meet. In a transient vacation unit or a bed-and-breakfast home, where the covered fuel-powered conditions are present, a detector goes in each transient occupant bedroom and in each hallway connected to one, which is a room-by-room standard rather than the model code's one-per-sleeping-area. Honolulu also added a trigger the state code does not carry: ROH 16-1.1 pulls existing dwelling and sleeping units into Section 915.1 where the valuation of an addition, alteration or repair passes the threshold in ROH Chapter 18 and a permit is required, or where a sleeping unit is created. A renovation can therefore bring guest rooms into scope on the strength of what it costs.
The other islands may not answer the same way, and HRS 107-28(a) is why. Each county gets two years to amend and adopt the state codes for its own jurisdiction, so Maui, Kauai and Hawaii island can each be working from a different document, and the two county rules set out below are both Honolulu's. Start from R315 and Section 915 as printed, then ask the county building department what it changed. Neither Honolulu rule reaches a place of work: ROH 16-1.1 and Section 21-5.70-3 both run to dwelling and sleeping units.
HRS Chapter 132 turns up in some CO detector guides as the Hawaii statute on point, which is misleading: the chapter is Hawaii's fire-protection umbrella that empowers county fire chiefs and authorizes adoption of the state fire code, but the chapter's own text contains no carbon-monoxide alarm provisions for residential occupancies. The CO compliance route actually runs through HRS 107-25, which adopts the 2018 IRC by reference as part of the Hawaii State Residential Code, and through county-level ordinances such as Honolulu's Ordinance 24-14 (transient and bed-and-breakfast detector rules) and Bill 58 CD1 (local IBC 2018 Section 915 amendments). Compliance answers therefore come from the county building department applying the adopted code, not from any standalone Hawaii CO statute that does not exist.
Quick Safety Summary
| Applies to homes? | Yes |
|---|---|
| Applies to rentals? | Yes |
| Applies to hotels/STRs? | Yes |
| Applies to schools? | Yes, under a condition |
| Applies to workplaces? | No |
Schools and workplaces
Schools: it depends, and the test is one you can apply to the building itself. The state code answers the classroom and the county decides which document a school is actually handed. HRS 107-25 establishes state building codes applicable to all construction in the State of Hawaii. The State Building Code Council adopted the 2018 International Building Code on 20 April 2021, with errata and addenda approved on 17 August 2021, and moved to the 2021 International Building Code with effect from 8 October 2022, so a project permitted since then answers the later edition. Section 915.1.1 reads identically in both, and the Council amendments run through scope, appendices, storm shelters, hurricane protection areas, sprinklers, egress and the structural chapters without touching Section 915. So the model text governs: a classroom in a Group E occupancy is covered where a condition in Sections 915.1.2 through 915.1.6 exists. What a Hawaii classroom then owes beyond the detector is the part worth asking the county about. Section 915.2.3 requires the alarm signals from those detectors to be "automatically transmitted to an on-site location that is staffed by school personnel", excepting a Group E occupancy with an occupant load of 30 or less. The state adoption leaves Section 915 alone, so that is the state floor. But HRS 107-28(a) gives each county two years to amend the state codes for its own jurisdiction, and this is a provision with a running cost attached rather than a placement rule, which makes it the kind a county amendment is worth checking for. Honolulu has used that power to go further rather than narrower; Hawaii County and Kauai County ordinances remain unread here, so a school on either island should put the transmission question to its own building department. The edition is what makes an answer possible at all, since carbon monoxide entered the International Building Code partway through its history and an older adoption would have carried no such section. Then HRS 107-28(a) gives each county two years to amend and adopt the state codes for its own jurisdiction, with 107-28(b) handing a county that has not done so the state codes as an interim county building code, so no island is left without one and the local amendments differ. Honolulu has used that power to go further rather than narrower. Hawaii County and Kauai County appear on none of the publishers this survey uses and their ordinances remain unread.
Workplaces: Hawaii places no carbon monoxide detection duty on an office, shop or other workplace. Federal and state occupational rules set an exposure limit for carbon monoxide in air; they do not require a detector to be installed, and this row is about installation. Hawaii has no carbon monoxide statute at all, so the building code is the only instrument, and Section 915.1.1 reaches Group I-1, I-2, I-4 and R occupancies and classrooms in Group E occupancies, with no Group B, F, M or S, and it reads the same in the 2018 International Building Code the State Building Code Council adopted on 20 April 2021 and in the 2021 edition it moved to with effect from 8 October 2022. Both were read. Hawaii has not reached the 2024 edition, which is the one that drops the occupancy list and would move this answer. The Council amendments run through scope, appendices, storm shelters, hurricane protection areas, sprinklers, egress and the structural chapters and never touch Section 915. A county may amend what it adopts under HRS 107-28(a), and the two county rules read for this dataset, Honolulu ROH 16-1.1 and Section 21-5.70-3, both reach dwelling and sleeping units rather than places of work.
When Are CO Alarms Required?
Where to Install CO Alarms
- Honolulu transient-vacation and bed-and-breakfast context requires CO detectors in each transient occupant bedroom and each hallway connected to a transient occupant bedroom when covered fuel-powered conditions are present.
For detailed placement guidance beyond legal requirements, see where to place carbon monoxide detectors.
Device Requirements
- Honolulu building code amendment language references IBC 2018 Sections 915.4 and 915.5 and includes specific exceptions in local text.
Rental CO Compliance Check 2 min
Check which CO alarm requirements likely apply to your rental in Hawaii, whether you're a landlord or tenant.
Enforcement
Enforced by: Honolulu Department of Planning and Permitting for local registration and ordinance enforcement, with local code officials handling inspection workflow.
Enforcement typically occurs:
- During local registration and renewal review for covered transient-vacation and bed-and-breakfast use.
- During complaint-based or code-compliance enforcement by local authorities.
What a Tenant Can Do in Hawaii
When a carbon monoxide alarm stops working in a rented home in Hawaii, these are the five routes a tenant can take and where each one comes from.
"Via general law" means the Hawaii carbon monoxide statute itself is silent and the remedy comes from the state's landlord-tenant law instead. The remedy is available even though the alarm rule does not contain it.
| Rent withholding | Via general lawHRS 521-78. Hawaii routes disputed rent into a court-held trust fund rather than leaving it with either party, and either the tenant or the landlord may ask for one in any proceeding where the payment or nonpayment of rent is at issue. Only Oregon shares that symmetry in the fifty-one. Michigan, Pennsylvania and Washington sit at the other end of the same axis: there the escrow opens on a government certification and the tenant cannot start it at all. |
|---|---|
| Repair and deduct | Via general lawHRS 521-64. The highest annual total in the fifty-one, because it repeats. Each job may be charged at the greater of $1,000 or one month's rent, and the total chargeable in any six-month period runs to three months' rent, which is six months' rent across a year. Virginia stops at one month or $1,500 once and Arizona at $300 or half a month. Massachusetts allows more on a single repair, four months, but only four months in twelve. The estimates procedure is not the price of the remedy, which this page said until 521-64 was read verbatim on 2026-08-23. Written signed estimates from two qualified workers, submitted at least seven calendar days before the work, belong to route (b)(2) alone. Under (b)(1) and under (d) the tenant may do the work and deduct on receipts with no estimates at all, and (e) is the real trap: every known defect must be listed in the first notice or it is estopped for six months. |
| Right to end the lease | Via general lawHRS 521-63. The tenant notifies the landlord in writing, and if the landlord does not remedy within one week the agreement can end. Where the condition was caused wilfully or negligently by the landlord the tenant may also recover damages sustained, so termination and compensation are not alternatives here the way they are under California's Civil Code 1942. |
| Notice the tenant must give | Via general lawHRS 521-63; HRS 521-64. Two notices doing two jobs, and neither is only a complaint. 521-63(a) takes written notice of the situation, and waives even that where the condition renders the unit uninhabitable or poses an imminent threat to health or safety. 521-64(c) accepts oral or written notification for repairs to landlord-supplied electrical, plumbing and other facilities, and requires the tenant to list every defect they know of in that first notice, because 521-64(e) estops the unlisted ones for six months. |
| Landlord cure period | Via general law, 7 daysHRS 521-63. The statute says one week rather than seven days, and seven is recorded because a week is not ambiguous. That week belongs to termination. Repair and deduct runs on a different and tiered clock in 521-64: seven calendar days where an agency served the notice, twelve business days on an ordinary tenant notice, and three business days where the repair is to electrical, plumbing or other facilities supplied by the landlord and needed for habitable living conditions. A hardwired or landlord-supplied carbon monoxide alarm is in that last class, so three business days from an oral call is the shortest clock Hawaii offers on this device. |
Applies to every row above:Hawaii's Residential Landlord-Tenant Code is a URLTA-family act that diverged more than most, and it produces the highest annual self-help total in the fifty-one. Where Iowa and Kansas kept the model's architecture and trimmed the tenant's options, Hawaii kept the options and raised the ceilings: 521-64 lets a tenant deduct the greater of $1,000 or one month's rent per job and go back for more, capped at three months' rent in any six-month period. No Hawaii statute imposes a carbon monoxide duty on a landlord as such, so all five columns come from chapter 521.
What Hawaii Requires in Lodging
The Hawaii carbon monoxide requirement reaches hotels and short-term rentals.
Hotels already standing: it depends, and on a separate test from the one that decides coverage generally. The county and the size of the refurbishment budget decide it. The state building code reaches new construction, and each county adopts and may amend it under HRS 107-28(a). Honolulu went further than the state code at ROH 16-1.1, adding a trigger to Section 915.1 where the valuation of an addition, alteration or repair to existing dwelling and sleeping units passes the threshold in ROH Chapter 18 and a permit is required, or where one or more sleeping units are created. A renovation at a Honolulu hotel can therefore pull existing guest rooms into the requirement on the strength of its cost. An operator on Maui, Kauai or Hawaii island should read their own county's adoption for an equivalent trigger rather than assume Honolulu's.
Operator duty: A Hawaii hotel or motel operator has a duty on every island, and it comes from the state building code rather than from any carbon monoxide statute, because Hawaii has none. HRS 107-25 establishes state building codes applicable to all construction in the State of Hawaii and bases them on the International Building Code, and the State Building Code Council adopted the 2018 edition on 20 April 2021, incorporating all parts of it subject to the amendments the Council listed. Those amendments never touch Section 915, so it applies as published: carbon monoxide detection in Group I-1, I-2, I-4 and R occupancies, with Section 310.2 placing transient hotels and motels in Group R-1. Detection belongs in the guest rooms, which the section calls sleeping units, where the room holds a fuel-burning appliance or fireplace, is served by a fuel-burning forced-air furnace, sits in a building containing such an appliance with a communicating opening, or adjoins an attached private garage. Which document an operator is actually handed depends on the island, because HRS 107-28(a) requires each county to amend and adopt the state code for its own jurisdiction. Nobody falls through that gap: under HRS 107-28(b) the state code becomes the interim county building code where a county has not adopted within two years. On Oahu the county has adopted, and Honolulu went further rather than narrower, amending Section 915.1 at ROH 16-1.1 to add a trigger when the value of an addition, alteration or repair to existing dwelling and sleeping units passes the ROH Chapter 18 threshold, or when a sleeping unit is created. Honolulu also runs a separate and stricter rule for transient vacation units and bed-and-breakfast homes, requiring detectors in each transient occupant bedroom and in each hallway connected to one where the covered fuel-powered conditions exist. An operator on Maui, Kauai or Hawaii island gets Section 915 through their own county's adoption and should read that ordinance for its local amendments rather than Honolulu's.
Penalties in Hawaii
Not established, and this is why rather than a blank:
The structure is the reason, not a gap in searching. Hawaii writes no carbon monoxide statute, so there is no penalty section to read. The duty arrives through HRS 107-25 and the codes the State Building Code Council adopts under it, and through each county under HRS 107-28(a), so a penalty would sit in a county ordinance or in the general enforcement provisions of a county building code rather than in state law. Two of the four county codes, Honolulu and Maui, were read on 2026-08-10 for carbon monoxide content and not for penalty provisions; Hawaii County and Kauai County appear on none of the six publishers this survey uses and remain unread. What the answer would change: reading the Honolulu and Maui enforcement chapters would settle it for most of the population and most of the visitor accommodation, and would still leave the Big Island and Kauai open.
Additional Notes
- No standalone statewide CO alarm statute identified as of 2026. Requirements derive from IRC adoption under HRS 107-25 and local enforcement.
- Hawaii implementation is primarily local for practical compliance purposes, so obligations can differ across counties.
- A rented house or townhouse is inside the State Residential Code, and the code says which buildings it reaches rather than who lives in them. The Hawaii State Residential Code, approved by the State Building Code Council on 17 November 2020, provides that the "International Residential Code for One- and Two-family Dwellings, 2018 Edition" is "adopted by reference and made a part of this code", and that the incorporation "includes all parts of the International Residential Code subject to the amendments hereinafter set forth". Its amended Section R101.2 then sets the reach: "The provisions of this code shall apply to the construction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, removal and demolition of detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses not more than three stories above grade plane in height with a separate means of egress and their accessory structures." That list is building types and building work and carries no clause about tenure, so letting the dwelling does not take it out. Neither "R315" nor "carbon monoxide" appears anywhere in the state code's amendments, so the 2018 model section applies as printed. The county layer sits on top rather than replacing it: HRS 107-28(b) hands the state codes to any county that has not adopted its own within two years.
- On lodging the chain is now complete, and the edition question that decided it has an answer. HRS 107-25 establishes "the Hawaii state building codes applicable to all construction in the State of Hawaii" and bases them on, among others, the state fire code and the International Building Code. The State Building Code Council adopted the 2018 edition of that code on 20 April 2021, with errata and addenda approved on 17 August 2021, and its adoption clause takes in all parts of the code subject to the Council's own listed amendments. Which edition it was mattered more than anything else in the chain, because carbon monoxide provisions entered the International Building Code only partway through its history, and Idaho nearly produced the wrong answer for exactly that reason: its adoption statute still names a 2006 edition that carried no carbon monoxide section at all. The 2018 edition has one, at Section 915, and the Council's amendments leave it alone.
- The county layer sits on top of the state code without breaking it, which is the second thing that had not been read. HRS 107-28(a) directs each county to amend and adopt the state building codes for its own jurisdiction, and HRS 107-28(b) provides that a county which has not done so within two years gets the state codes as an interim county building code, so no island is left without one. Oahu shows what an adoption looks like in practice: ROH 16-1.1 takes the state code of 20 April 2021 and its 2018 International Building Code, then amends Section 915.1 to add a permit-value trigger for work on existing dwelling and sleeping units. That is a county going further than the state floor rather than cutting into it. Maui's code was read on 2026-08-10 and carries nothing on carbon monoxide, so the state floor is what stands on Maui, Molokai and Lanai. Hawaii County and Kauai County appear on none of the publishers this survey uses and their ordinances are still unread, which leaves the Big Island and Kauai as the two places where a county amendment could exist and has not been checked.
Official Sources & References
- Hawaii Revised Statutes Section 107-25 (State Building Codes; Requirements) , HRS 107-25 listing adopted model codes including the IRC (state code, accessed 2026-02-18)
No standalone statewide CO alarm statute identified as of 2026. HRS 107-25 is the enabling statute that adopts the IRC (which contains Section R315 CO alarm provisions) as part of the Hawaii state building codes. CO requirements enter Hawaii law through this adoption chain. - Hawaii State Residential Code (2018 IRC adoption by reference) , Adoption language for 2018 IRC by reference (building code, accessed 2026-02-16)
Official statewide residential code adoption framework; local jurisdictions implement and enforce code pathways. - City and County of Honolulu Ordinance 24-14 (Bill 53 CD2) , Restrictions and standards for transient units and related detector requirements (local ordinance, accessed 2026-02-16)
Provides explicit smoke and carbon monoxide detector rules in covered transient lodging contexts. - Hawaii State Building Code, adopting the 2018 International Building Code with amendments , Adoption of the International Building Code; Amendments to the 2018 ICC International Building Code (building code, accessed 2026-08-04)
Adopted by the State Building Code Council on 20 April 2021 under HRS 107-24, with errata and addenda approved 17 August 2021. The adoption clause incorporates all parts of the 2018 IBC subject to the Council's listed amendments, which run to the title and scope, appendices, referenced codes, existing structures, definitions, evacuation elevators, storm shelters, safe rooms, hurricane protection areas, sprinklers in Group R at 903.2.8, fire extinguishers, fire command centre, fire pumps, emergency power, egress, accessibility, roofs and the structural chapters. None reaches Section 915: "915" and "carbon monoxide" both return zero across the document while "Group R" returns six, so the absence is a real absence. This is the citation an earlier sweep declined to take from a search summary. - Hawaii Revised Statutes Sections 107-27 and 107-28 , HRS 107-28(a) county adoption duty; HRS 107-28(b) interim county building code (state code, accessed 2026-08-04)
107-28(a) requires each county to amend and adopt the Hawaii state building codes for its own jurisdiction no later than two years after the state adoption. 107-28(b) provides that a county which does not do so gets the state codes as an interim county building code, which is what closes the county-by-county gap rather than leaving an island uncovered. - Revised Ordinances of Honolulu Section 16-1.1, Hawaii State Building Code , ROH 16-1.1 adoption clause and amendment (77) to IBC Section 915.1 (local ordinance, accessed 2026-08-04)
Honolulu adopts the Hawaii State Building Code of 20 April 2021 and its 2018 IBC (First Printing) by reference. Amendment (77) rewrites Section 915.1 to keep carbon monoxide detection for new buildings under 915.1.1 to 915.1.6 and to add a trigger where the valuation of an addition, alteration or repair to existing dwelling and sleeping units exceeds the ROH Chapter 18 threshold, or where a sleeping unit is created. Section 915.1.1 itself is not amended. Trap worth recording: the Internet Archive's newest capture of this page, from 29 February 2024, still shows the superseded 2023 supplement adopting the state code of 13 November 2018 and the 2012 IBC, in which Section 915 was emergency responder radio coverage and carbon monoxide appeared nowhere. The archive was a whole code edition behind the live page. - City and County of Honolulu Building Code Amendment (Bill 58 CD1) , Local CO alarm language referencing IBC 2018 Sections 915.4 and 915.5 (local ordinance, accessed 2026-02-16)
Details local detector framework, exceptions, and system alternatives for covered conditions. - Hawaii State Residential Code, State Building Code Council approved 17 November 2020, adoption clause and amended Section R101.2 Scope (building code, accessed 2026-08-22)
Disclaimer: This page explains the law as it stood on August 24, 2026. It is general information, not legal advice, and reading it creates no attorney-client relationship. Requirements vary by city, county and building type, and statutes and codes are amended: confirm the current text with the issuing authority before acting on it. Each requirement here cites the instrument it comes from, so you can check it at source.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is there a single statewide Hawaii law requiring CO detectors in every home?
Which Hawaii occupancies have clearly published CO detector rules today?
How should owners handle county-by-county differences in Hawaii?
For Hawaii all-electric dwellings, which risk conditions can still require alarms?
What placement guidance is clear in Honolulu published detector rules?
How do Hawaii local-rule workflows compare with California statewide practice?
Practical CO Detector Guides
Beyond legal requirements, these guides help you choose, install, and maintain CO alarms:
- Where to place carbon monoxide detectors, room-by-room placement recommendations
- CO detector beeping patterns, what different alarms mean
- What to do if your detector goes off, emergency response checklist
- CO resources and links, official agencies and safety information